Науковий вісник Одеського національного економічного університету 2021, 1-2, 30-36
Open Access Article
Dubovyk Olga
PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor of the Department of Finance, Odessa National Economic University, Odessa, Ukraine e-mail: : oed0305@ukr.net, ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-4738
Martyniuk Iryna
PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor of the Department of Finance, Odessa National Economic University, Odessa, Ukraine e-mail: : martinyik@ukr.net, ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-4232
Dubovyk O., Martyniuk I. The fiscal efficiency of customs payments in Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of the Odessa National Economic University. 2021. № 1-2 (278-279). pp. 30-36.
Topicality. Customs payments are the main tools of the customs taxation system. However, along with the growth of foreign economic transactions, the fiscal efficiency of customs payments is declining, which negatively affects the development of the country’s economy. Public authorities are tightening tax and customs controls in order to reduce the risk of non-receipt of customs duties in the budget. But this problem remains relevant today and needs further research and solution. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the fiscal efficiency of customs payments in Ukraine to determine the directions of its increase. Results. The fiscal significance of customs payments in Ukraine and its elasticity is investigated. It has been established that customs payments significantly affect the redistribution of GDP through the budget of the country. It is proved that along with the growth of foreign economic operations, the fiscal efficiency of customs payments decreases, which negatively affects the development of the economy of the country. The reasons for reducing VAT from imported goods as a basic budgetforming tax on the territory of the country are substantiated. With the help of a trend economy and mathematical model, the forecast values of customs payments to the budget of Ukraine for 2021-2023 are calculated. The ratio of import and export operations in the country is investigated. It has been established that exports are not taxable by major customs payments - VAT and excise tax. The tax losses of the budget due to understatement by business entities and individuals of the customs value of goods, as well as illegal movement of goods, currencies, values and other subjects outside customs control or with concealment (smuggling) are determined. Conclusions. The results of the study led to the conclusion that in order to increase the level of customs payments to the budget, it is expedient to review the current tax legislation on the position of cancellation of export operations; to improve measures to counter the «gray» import and smuggling; to improve the mechanism of customs control taking into account foreign practices of the customs post audit; to cooperate and share information with the competent authorities of foreign states to prevent and identify illegal exportimport operations; to apply an automated risk management system.
fiscal efficiency, customs payments, foreign economic activity, customs control, customs post-audit, budget.
JEL classification: Е620, Н870 DOI: 10.32680/2409-9260-2021-1-2-278-279-30-36
УДК: 336.225:339.543(477)