Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in public administration: challenges of the digital era

Sokolik Vitaly
vice-rector for administrative, economic and legal work, Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine, E-mail:sokolikvd05@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7630-6594

Pashchenko Daniil
candidate of Higher Education specialty 073 Management, Mykolaiv National Agrarian University,Mykolaiv, Ukraine, E-mail:daniilpasenko63@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9657-2066

Shvets Stepan
сandidate of Higher Education specialty 073 Management, Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine, E-mail:stepanshvets11@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0803-8193

Bashanova Natalia
candidate of Higher Education specialty 073 Management, Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Mykolaiv, Ukraine, E-mail:bashanova20060709@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4023-0342

Received: 10.04.2025    Аpproved: 23.04.2025    Рublished online: 12.05.2025

Cite this article:

Sokolik V., Pashchenko D., Shvets S., Bashanova N.(2025) Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in public administration: challenges of the digital era. Ed.: V.V. Kovalenko (ed.-in-ch.) and others [Pravove reguljuvannja vykorystannja shtuchnogo intelektu v publichnomu upravlinni: vyklyky cyfrovoi epohy.: V.V. Kovalenko (gol. red.)], Scientific Bulletin of the Odesa National Economic University (ISSN 2313-4569), Odesa National Economics University, Odesa, No. 4 (329), pp.30-36.

Abstract

The article examines the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in public administration in Ukraine as one of the key components of the digital transformation of the public sector. Particular attention is paid to ethical issues, cybersecurity, and the protection of personal data. The challenges associated with algorithmic discrimination are outlined, and reference is made to international experience, in particular the practices of the European Union, as a means of forming a balanced and effective legal framework in the field of artificial intelligence. The aim of the study is to identify the main problems and risks related to the implementation of intelligent systems in public administration, as well as to determine directions for improving legal regulation in line with international standards. The research applies a systematic approach, methods of comparative legal analysis, normative legal review, and content analysis of expert opinions. The article also analyzes institutional and administrative readiness of public authorities to adopt AI-based decision-making tools. It emphasizes the importance of professional development for civil servants, legal accountability for automated processes, and public trust in digital governance. The study highlights how insufficient transparency and explainability of algorithms can undermine democratic principles and fundamental rights. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the integration of artificial intelligence into public governance must be accompanied by the development of adaptive legislation, ethical oversight mechanisms, and robust data protection policies. It is also recommended that Ukraine aligns its national strategy on AI with European regulatory initiatives, such as the EU AI Act, to ensure legal certainty, innovation, and the protection of public interest. Moreover, the article underlines the significance of cross-sectoral cooperation between government bodies, academia, and the private sector in shaping responsible AI policy. Interdisciplinary dialogue and inclusive governance models are essential to address complex legal, technological, and societal challenges brought about by rapid digitalization. Finally, the study advocates for the implementation of pilot projects and regulatory sandboxes in Ukraine as practical tools for testing AI solutions in the public sector. These mechanisms would allow the state to explore the benefits and risks of emerging technologies in a controlled environment, contributing to evidence-based policymaking and sustainable digital innovation.

Keywords

artificial intelligence, public administration, legal regulation, digital transformation, European Union.

JEL classification: O330;K230;H110;DOI: https://doi.org/10.32680/2409-9260-2025-4-329-30-36

UD classification:352.07:004.8:316.422.44

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